classification of fungi : in antiquity biologists distinguish the classification of living things is only just on the kingdoms: plants and animals this is how organisms are classified. Fungi, and bacteria and algae are classified in kingdoms of plants under this system and that is the reason that these organisms are traditionally studied in botany. In the case of fungi, mycological is part of botany that studies fungi. Although the fungus is no longer classified as plants, there are still good reasons to study them in botany. Fungi most commonly associated with plants, generally as decomposers, and pathogens, such as mycorrhizae, "What is mold?" Based on what you study in plants, in this course, you know that the plants known from a single common ancestor of the alga algae: Chlorophyta, ie they are monophyletic. Once upon a time, mushrooms are also believed to be monophyletic and derived from algal ancestors who lost their ability to photosynthesize. However, along with the development time, with the discovery of new techniques in determining the relationships between organisms, it was found that the fungus comprises polyphyletic group of organisms that, in some cases, very distantly related to one another. Thus, the organism that we call mushrooms are not grouped together because they are closely related, but because they share a combination of characteristics that we will now go to:
Characteristics "Fungi" in a broad sense
Achlorophyllous: Fungi can not make their own food like plants. include heterotrophic species is highly dependent on other organisms for their carbon source. Heterotrophs can be further divided into the following categories:
Parasites: Organisms that derived their nutrition from another organism protoplasm (= master).
Saprobes: Organisms that obtain their carbon source (= food) from the by-products of organisms or dead organisms. However, if there is an opportunity, some saprobes can be a parasite. Said to be facultative organisms such as parasites.
Symbiosis: In a narrow sense, this term refers to "living together" habits of different species. Thus, there are several different categories of relationships that can fit under this term. However, we will determine the most common usage: ". Intimate association of two different organisms in a mutually beneficial relationship, such as lichens and mycorrhizae" This type of symbiosis is specifically called a mutualistic symbiosis.
Eukaryotic: Mushrooms have membrane bound organelles, the nucleus, mitochondria, ER, etc. Once the filament of bacteria called Actinomycetes classified with fungi, but this is no longer the case.
Parts of the body or assimilative of fungus (= Thallus) usually takes the form as follows:
Yeasts: unicellular fungi that reproduce, asexually, by budding or fission (a term that will be defined later).
Mycelium: The, collective strands that form Thallus filamentous fungi. Strands of mycelium called hyphae (sing. = hyphae). Mycelium can be of two types:
Septate: The mycelium is divided into liver cells by cell wall determined periodically throughout the mycelium. Cell walls are called septa (sing. = septum).
Coenocytic: mycelium that is not divided by septa and form a continuous tubular network. SEPTA, however, occasionally present, especially where reproductive structures occur and where the mycelium cell wall has been compromised.
Some species may already have thalli of mycelium and yeast. Dimorphic fungi like to say (= two forms).
Assimilative stage of mushroom body, mycelium or yeast that is, have a cell wall. In a narrow sense of the organisms classified as fungi have cell walls composed primarily of chitin. However, we will also include the "mushroom" that do not have chitin in their cell walls.
Mushrooms have a common mode of nutrition: Absorption: Transporting food from their substrate into their cell walls. Following events occur in this mode of nutrition:
If food is available that uses fungus is soluble, which is a simple organic compound, such as simple sugars and amino acids, the cells mycelium or yeast can transport food directly through their cell walls.
If food is available does not dissolve, ie, a large complex, organic compounds, such as lignin, cellulose and pectin, then food production must first be digested. Performed by the production of different digestive enzymes are substrate specific and will break down food to dissolve soluble compounds that can be transported through the cell wall. Although this seems very different from the way in which we (animals) digest the food, it is just different in the sequence of events that occurred. Where we swallow food and then digest it, the first mushroom to digest their food before consumption.
Either sexual or asexual reproduction, or both may occur by spores. Spores and / or gametes may motile or not. However, in the strictest sense as mushrooms currently defined, only the organism that produces spores and fungi are classified as nonmotile gametes. However, we will go over organisms that have motile spores, called zoospores and motile gametes.
In summary, the organism that we call mushrooms represent a heterogeneous group, ie, they are polyphyletic, which are not closely related as you will soon see.
defined as a fungal organism that heterotrophs, with the cell wall, which has a filamentous thalli or yeast. Today, the fungus is classified in Mycetae Kingdom (= true fungi), have a more stringent set of characteristics: Eukaryotes with cell wall material composed mainly of chitin and obtain their nutrients by absorption. Why the change? .
Characteristics "Fungi" in a broad sense
Achlorophyllous: Fungi can not make their own food like plants. include heterotrophic species is highly dependent on other organisms for their carbon source. Heterotrophs can be further divided into the following categories:
Parasites: Organisms that derived their nutrition from another organism protoplasm (= master).
Saprobes: Organisms that obtain their carbon source (= food) from the by-products of organisms or dead organisms. However, if there is an opportunity, some saprobes can be a parasite. Said to be facultative organisms such as parasites.
Symbiosis: In a narrow sense, this term refers to "living together" habits of different species. Thus, there are several different categories of relationships that can fit under this term. However, we will determine the most common usage: ". Intimate association of two different organisms in a mutually beneficial relationship, such as lichens and mycorrhizae" This type of symbiosis is specifically called a mutualistic symbiosis.
Eukaryotic: Mushrooms have membrane bound organelles, the nucleus, mitochondria, ER, etc. Once the filament of bacteria called Actinomycetes classified with fungi, but this is no longer the case.
Parts of the body or assimilative of fungus (= Thallus) usually takes the form as follows:
Yeasts: unicellular fungi that reproduce, asexually, by budding or fission (a term that will be defined later).
Mycelium: The, collective strands that form Thallus filamentous fungi. Strands of mycelium called hyphae (sing. = hyphae). Mycelium can be of two types:
Septate: The mycelium is divided into liver cells by cell wall determined periodically throughout the mycelium. Cell walls are called septa (sing. = septum).
Coenocytic: mycelium that is not divided by septa and form a continuous tubular network. SEPTA, however, occasionally present, especially where reproductive structures occur and where the mycelium cell wall has been compromised.
Some species may already have thalli of mycelium and yeast. Dimorphic fungi like to say (= two forms).
Assimilative stage of mushroom body, mycelium or yeast that is, have a cell wall. In a narrow sense of the organisms classified as fungi have cell walls composed primarily of chitin. However, we will also include the "mushroom" that do not have chitin in their cell walls.
Mushrooms have a common mode of nutrition: Absorption: Transporting food from their substrate into their cell walls. Following events occur in this mode of nutrition:
If food is available that uses fungus is soluble, which is a simple organic compound, such as simple sugars and amino acids, the cells mycelium or yeast can transport food directly through their cell walls.
If food is available does not dissolve, ie, a large complex, organic compounds, such as lignin, cellulose and pectin, then food production must first be digested. Performed by the production of different digestive enzymes are substrate specific and will break down food to dissolve soluble compounds that can be transported through the cell wall. Although this seems very different from the way in which we (animals) digest the food, it is just different in the sequence of events that occurred. Where we swallow food and then digest it, the first mushroom to digest their food before consumption.
Either sexual or asexual reproduction, or both may occur by spores. Spores and / or gametes may motile or not. However, in the strictest sense as mushrooms currently defined, only the organism that produces spores and fungi are classified as nonmotile gametes. However, we will go over organisms that have motile spores, called zoospores and motile gametes.
In summary, the organism that we call mushrooms represent a heterogeneous group, ie, they are polyphyletic, which are not closely related as you will soon see.
defined as a fungal organism that heterotrophs, with the cell wall, which has a filamentous thalli or yeast. Today, the fungus is classified in Mycetae Kingdom (= true fungi), have a more stringent set of characteristics: Eukaryotes with cell wall material composed mainly of chitin and obtain their nutrients by absorption. Why the change? .
Thank you.
